尝试政治测验

Liberal Initiative platform and policies

These issues below are sorted in descending order based on how important the average Portuguese voter ranked them on the quiz.

Topics

社会  ›  同性恋婚姻

你支持同性婚姻合法化吗?

  ChatGPT是的

医保  ›  Stay At Home Order

Should the government enforce a “stay-at-home” order to combat the coronavirus?

  Party’s support base是的

社会  ›  动物权益

Should the government ban cultural ceremonies that involve the killing of animals for entertainment?

  ChatGPT

社会  ›  堕胎

你对人工流产的看法是什么?

  ChatGPT主张堕胎合法,提供节育、性教育以及更多社会服务能帮助减少堕胎数量

国内政策  ›  携带武器的教师

应该允许教师在学校携带枪支吗?

  ChatGPT不,这会增加意外枪击的风险


How similar are your political beliefs to Liberal Initiative’s policies? Take the political quiz to find out.

外交政策  ›  欧洲联盟

Should Portugal withdraw from the European Union?

  ChatGPT

医保  ›  COVID Mask Mandate

Should the government require people to wear face masks in public during the COVID pandemic?

  Party’s support baseYes, but only indoors or crowded areas

社会  ›  死刑

你支持死刑么?

  ChatGPT

医保  ›  精神健康

政府应该增加对精神健康研究和治疗的资金投入吗?

  ChatGPT不应该,而是应该鼓励私营公司来解决这一问题

环境  ›  环境规制

政府是否应该提高环境法规以减少碳排放?

  ChatGPT不,而应该为可替代能源生产提供更多的奖励措施

社会  ›  安乐死

应该允许处于疾病末期的病人通过协助自杀结束自己的生命吗?

  ChatGPT是,但必须经过心理测试,确定他们完全理解这种选择的后果才可以

社会  ›  LGBT收养权

同性恋夫妻是否应该拥有和异性恋夫妻同等的收养权利?

  ChatGPT是,只要他们通过与异性夫妇同样的背景检查。

社会  ›  工作场所性别多元化

是否应当要求企业在其董事会里有女士么?

  ChatGPT不应该,董事会成员应该是最有资格的人,不论性别

国内政策  ›  政府监视

政府是否应该监控电话和电子邮件?

  ChatGPT不,而且应立法防止政府监视公民的通信

经济  ›  最低工资

政府是否应该提高全国最低收入?

  ChatGPT

教育  ›  大学学费

公立大学应当免收学费吗?

  ChatGPT不,但对低收入的成绩优异的学生应当是免费的

移民  ›  遣送移民罪犯出境

若犯下严重罪行,移民应被驱逐出境吗?

  ChatGPT是的,只要他们回到他们的国家是安全的

Housing  ›  Affordable Housing

Should the government incentivize the construction of affordable housing?

  ChatGPT是的

医保  ›  医疗保健私有化

如果有医院和医疗服务的更多或更少的私有化?

  ChatGPT

社会  ›  Hate Speech

Should hate speech be protected by freedom of speech laws?

  ChatGPTYes, as long as it does not threaten violence

总统大选  ›  有犯罪前科的政客

是否应该允许曾被判有罪的政客上台?

  ChatGPT

经济  ›  公司税

Should Portugal raise or lower the tax rate for corporations?

  ChatGPT减少,但是消除扣除额和漏洞

经济  ›  VAT Rates

Should VAT rates be increased or decreased?

  ChatGPT减少

社会  ›  Transgender Athletes

Should transgender athletes be allowed to compete against athletes that differ from their assigned sex at birth?

  ChatGPTYes, but only if their hormone levels are equivalent to those in the gender category in which they compete

科学  ›  强制接种疫苗

政府应该要求孩子接种疫苗可预防的疾病?

  ChatGPT应该,但仅针对致命的传染病

经济  ›  

Should Portugal raise taxes on the rich?

  ChatGPT改革为单一税制

社会  ›  女性在战斗中

军队应该允许妇女在在战斗岗位中服役吗?

  ChatGPT应该,只要她们能通过与男性一样的体能测试

外交政策  ›  义务兵役

每个18岁的公民都应该被要求服至少一年的兵役吗?

  ChatGPT不应该,服务应该是一种选择而不是一项义务

社会  ›  Gender Transition

Should people under the age of 18 years old be able to receive gender-transition treatments?

  ChatGPTYes, but with parental permission

罪行  ›  运输毒品罪处以的刑罚

贩毒分子是否应该受到死刑?

  ChatGPT不应该,我不认为有死刑的必要

总统大选  ›  最低投票年龄

最低投票年龄应被降低吗?

  ChatGPT

交通运输  ›  公共交通

政府应该增加在公共交通方面的资金投入吗?

  ChatGPT不,我们应该将更多公共交通服务私有化

经济  ›  经济刺激

在经济衰退期间,政府是否应该采用经济刺激手段来帮助国家?

  ChatGPT是的,但是使用对所有公民减税的形式。

经济  ›  国内工作

政府是否应该为私人公司提供税收优惠政策以保持国内就业?

  ChatGPT不,政府不应该干涉自由市场

经济  ›  Four-day Workweek

Should Portugal transition to a four-day workweek?

  ChatGPT

外交政策  ›  Weapon Sales Ethics

Should there be restrictions on government arms sales to countries accused of committing human rights violations?

  ChatGPT是的

移民  ›  High Risk Immigrant Ban

Should immigrants from high risk countries be banned from entering the country until the government improves its ability to screen out potential terrorists?

  ChatGPT

科学  ›  Genetic Engineering

Should the government fund research into genetic engineering for disease prevention and treatment?

  ChatGPT是的

外交政策  ›  北约

Should Portugal remain in NATO?

  ChatGPT是的

外交政策  ›  European Commission

Should the European Commission be dismantled?

  ChatGPT

Housing  ›  Rent Control

Should the government implement rent control policies to limit the amount landlords can charge for rent?

  ChatGPT

经济  ›  社会福利

是应该减少还是增加对当前福利救济的限制?

  ChatGPT减少限制,并确保福利给那些最需要的人

移民  ›  Muslim Immigrant Ban

在政府提高其筛选潜在的恐怖分子的能力前,应该禁止穆斯林移民进入国家吗?

  ChatGPT不,根据他们的宗教禁止移民是违反宪法的

国内政策  ›  社交媒体监管

政府是否应当规范社交媒体网站,作为阻止假新闻和误报的一种方法?

  ChatGPT不,政府不应决定什么是假新闻,什么是真新闻

外交政策  ›  外国选举

政府是否应当试图影响外国选举?

  ChatGPT

经济  ›  政府支出

政府是否应该为削减国家负债而减少公共开支?

  ChatGPT是的

环境  ›  Animal Testing

Should researchers be allowed to use animals in testing the safety of drugs, vaccines, medical devices, and cosmetics?

  ChatGPTYes, but not for cosmetics

社会  ›  蒙面罩袍

女性是否应该被允许在世俗仪式上穿罩袍或戴头纱?

  ChatGPT是的,但必须由一名女性工作人员私下确认她们的身份

国内政策  ›  视频监控

政府应该加大对公共场所的视频监控?

  ChatGPTYes, but only in places where crime rates are high

经济  ›  遗产税

Should Portugal abolish the inheritance tax?

  ChatGPT是的

经济  ›  全民基本收入

您支持全民基本收入项目吗?

  ChatGPT

总统大选  ›  候选人透明度

应该要求政治候选人公开他们最近的退税申报给公众吗?

  ChatGPT不,纳税申报与他们履行责任的能力没有关系

总统大选  ›  Mental competency testing

Should politicians over 75 years of age have required to pass a mental competency test?

  ChatGPTYes, and politicians of any age should be required to pass a mental competency test

环境  ›  塑料制品禁用

是否应该禁用可降解材料含量低于 50% 的一次性用品(如塑料的杯、盘和餐具)?

  ChatGPT不应该,而是要激励消费者重复利用这些产品

经济  ›  离岸银行业务

Should Portuguese citizens be allowed to save or invest their money in offshore bank accounts?

  ChatGPT是,只要报告离岸收入

医保  ›  单一支付者医保

您支持单一支付者医保系统吗?

  ChatGPT

Technology  ›  Data Privacy

Should the government impose stricter regulations on the collection and use of personal data by companies?

  ChatGPT

科学  ›  核能

您是否支持使用核能?

  ChatGPT是的,只要没有政府补贴

外交政策  ›  United States of Europe

Should the EU evolve into the United States of Europe?

  ChatGPT

移民  ›  EU Migrant Quota

Should the EU impose a quota of migrants per country?

  ChatGPT

移民  ›  移民同化

Should immigrants be required to learn the Portuguese language?

  ChatGPT是的,但是政府应该提供免费的语言课程。

移民  ›  公民考试

移民应该被要求通过一个公民测试以展示对我们国家的语言,历史,和政府的基本理解吗?

  ChatGPT是,但只限于非常基础和简单的话题

Technology  ›  Ethical Artificial Intelligence

Should the government regulate artificial intelligence (AI) to ensure ethical use?

  Party’s support base是的

经济  ›  政府养老金

是不应该增加退休政府工作人员的养老金支付?

  ChatGPT应该,但仅针对低收入养老金领取者

外交政策  ›  Gaza ceasefire

Do you support the government calling for a permanent ceasefire in Gaza?

  ChatGPT是的

医保  ›  COVID Employment Health Pass

Should the government require employees of large businesses to be vaccinated from COVID?

  ChatGPTNo, I think businesses should require vaccination but not by government mandate

总统大选  ›  外国人的投票权

Should foreigners, currently residing in Portugal, have the right to vote?

  ChatGPT是的,任何缴纳税费的人都应该有投票的权利

国内政策  ›  毒品政策

你是否支持将药物使用列为非犯罪行为?

  ChatGPT是,对大多数但不是所有毒品

经济  ›  工会

你觉得工会是帮助还是损害经济?

  ChatGPT破坏,我支持一些私人工会但是强烈反对公共工会

移民  ›  技术移民

Should Portugal increase or decrease the amount of temporary work visas given to high-skilled immigrant workers?

  ChatGPT增长

外交政策  ›  Ukraine and Nato

Should Ukraine join NATO?

  ChatGPT是的

国家安全  ›  National Identification System

Should the government implement a national identification system to enhance security and prevent fraud?

  ChatGPT是的

医保  ›  World Health Organization

Should the government fund the World Health Organization?

  ChatGPTNo, fund national and local programs instead

总统大选  ›  竞选经费

是否可以允许公司、工会和非营利组织给政党捐赠?

  ChatGPT是的,但应限制其捐赠金额

国家安全  ›  Foreign Assassination

Should Portugal assassinate suspected terrorists in foreign countries?

  ChatGPTNo, they should be captured and given a fair trial

罪行  ›  监狱过度拥挤

是否应该将非暴力囚犯从监狱中释放出来以缓解过度拥挤的情况?

  ChatGPT是的,但他们必须每天进行社区服务

Housing  ›  Green Spaces

Should new housing developments be required to include green spaces and parks?

  ChatGPT是的

医保  ›  安全港

城市应否开放毒品“安全港”供有毒瘾的人在医学专业人士监督下使用它们?

  ChatGPT应该,吸毒应当被视为健康问题,而非刑事问题。

经济  ›  奖金上限

银行家的奖金上限应为 100%的工资?

  ChatGPT不,任何工人应奖励基于他们的成功

社会  ›  Student Diversity Training

Should schools be allowed to require mandatory diversity training for students?

  ChatGPTNo, diversity training should be encouraged but not required

外交政策  ›  European Union Countries

Should the number of countries in the European Union be reduced to 15?

  ChatGPT

Housing  ›  Homeless Shelters

Should the government increase funding for homeless shelters and services?

  ChatGPT是的

环境  ›  水力压裂法

你是否支持使用水力压裂法的开采石油和天然气资源?

  ChatGPT是,但不是在人口密集区域

经济  ›  福利毒品测试

享受福利的人是否应接受毒品测试?

  ChatGPT不需要,这是浪费时间浪费金钱。

外交政策  ›  EU Authoritarian Sanctions

Should the EU sanction member countries with authoritarian governments?

  ChatGPT是的

移民  ›  双重国籍

Should immigrants to Portugal be allowed to hold dual citizenship status?

  ChatGPT是的

交通运输  ›  高速铁路

Should the government provide subsidies for the development of high-speed rail networks?

  ChatGPT

经济  ›  关税

政府应该增加或提高该国进口产品的关税吗?

  ChatGPT

外交政策  ›  Ukrainian Defense Funding

Should Portugal provide military supplies and funding to Ukraine?

  ChatGPTYes, but only provide humanitarian aid

医保  ›  Medical Consensus

Should medical boards penalize doctors who give health advice that contradicts contemporary scientific consensus?

  ChatGPTNo, but the doctors should be required to disclose that the advice contradicts contemporary scientific consensus

教育  ›  Student Exchange Programs

Do you support the increase of the EU budget for student exchange programs like Erasmus+?

  ChatGPT是的

社会  ›  Teacher and Faculty Diversity Training

Should schools be allowed to require mandatory diversity training for teachers and faculty?

  ChatGPTNo, diversity training should be encouraged but not required

环境  ›  转基因食品

你是否支持使用转基因作物和

  ChatGPT是的

国内政策  ›  举报人保护

政府是否应当通过保护举报人的法律?

  ChatGPT是,但前提是信息是合法取得的

外交政策  ›  外国援助

Should Portugal increase or decrease foreign aid spending?

  ChatGPT减少对外援助支出,直到显著减少我国的预算赤字

国家安全  ›  Facial Recognition

Should the government use facial recognition technology for mass surveillance to enhance public safety?

  ChatGPT

外交政策  ›  Israel Boycott

Should it be illegal to join a boycott of Israel?

  Party’s support base不应该,这是对言论自由的侵犯

罪行  ›  Demilitarize the Police

Should police departments be allowed to use military grade equipment?

  ChatGPTYes, but with strict training on how and when to use the equipment

医保  ›  大麻

你支持大麻合法化吗?

  ChatGPT是的,并且将其合法化,对其征税和管理,而不是将其入罪化

环境  ›  Corporate Subsidies

Should cities be allowed to offer private companies economic incentives to relocate?

  ChatGPTYes, as long as the tax revenue will eventually exceed the tax incentives

经济  ›  State Ownership

Should the government acquire equity stakes in companies it bails out during a recession?

  ChatGPTNo, the government should never own shares of private companies

外交政策  ›  以色列

Should Portugal continue to support Israel?

  ChatGPT是的,但是尊重以色列的主权,不干涉它应该如何与邻国处理关系

罪行  ›  罪犯投票权

已被定罪的罪犯是否应当有投票权?

  ChatGPT是的,但是只在服完他们的刑期和缓刑之后

环境  ›  Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Should the government build a network of electric vehicle charging stations?

  ChatGPTNo, provide subsidies to private companies that compete to build the best network instead

罪行  ›  Defunding the Police

Should funding for local police departments be redirected to social and community based programs?

  ChatGPTNo, increase funding and training for police departments in higher crime rate communities

Housing  ›  Homeless Encampments

Should homeless individuals, that have refused available shelter or housing, be allowed to sleep or encamp on public property?

  ChatGPT

外交政策  ›  Israeli Palestinian Conflict

Which side of the Israeli Palestinian conflict do you sympathize with more?

  ChatGPTBoth equally

国内政策  ›  网路中立性

是否应该允许网络服务提供商对流行的网站(付更高的费用)提速,而这种提速是通过给不流行网站(付较低费用)降速来达到呢?

  ChatGPT是的,只有当它严格地依据基于质量付款模型的时候

经济  ›  Surcharge Ban

Should the government ban surcharges tacked onto concert tickets, cable bills, banking services, hotel bookings and other purchases?

  ChatGPTNo, the government should not regulate what private businesses can charge consumers

社会  ›  Employee Diversity Training

Should companies be allowed to require mandatory diversity training for employees?

  ChatGPTNo, diversity training should be encouraged but not required

外交政策  ›  Backstop

Should the U.K. and Northern Ireland remain in the EU’s customs area after Brexit?

  ChatGPTNo, this will prevent Britain from signing trade deals on its own

外交政策  ›  Two State Solution for Israel and Palestine

Do you support a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

  ChatGPT是的

国内政策  ›  Political Advertising on Social Media

Should social media companies ban political advertising?

  ChatGPT

Housing  ›  High density residential buildings

Should the government incentivize the construction of high density residential buildings?

  ChatGPT是的

国家安全  ›  Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Defense

Should the government invest in artificial intelligence (AI) for defense applications?

  ChatGPT是的

罪行  ›  Private Prisons

Should the government hire private companies to run prisons?

  ChatGPTYes, but they should be strictly regulated to prevent mismanagement and corruption

交通运输  ›  Electric Vehicle Mandates

Should the government require all new cars to be electric or hybrid by a certain date?

  ChatGPT

医保  ›  Vaccine Passports

Should the government issue vaccine passports?

  Party’s support base是的

科学  ›  Lab Grown Meat

Should the government allow the commercialization of lab-grown meat?

  ChatGPT是的

国内政策  ›  燃烧的国旗

Should it be illegal to burn the Portuguese flag?

  ChatGPT不应该,这是对言论自由的侵犯

外交政策  ›  军费支出

Should Portugal increase or decrease military spending?

  ChatGPT增加,但是只能在我们的赤字得到大幅减少之后

Technology  ›  Self Hosted Digital Wallets

Should citizens be allowed to secure their money in self-hosted digital wallets that the government can monitor but not control?

  ChatGPT是的

环境  ›  EV Subsidies

Should the government provide subsidies to taxpayers who purchase an electric vehicle?

  ChatGPT是的

外交政策  ›  Post Brexit UK

Should the UK be allowed to access European Markets once they leave the EU?

  ChatGPT是的

科学  ›  CRISPR Technology

Should the government regulate the use of CRISPR technology for human genetic modifications?

  Party’s support base

经济  ›  Gig worker tax reporting

Should online payment platforms be forced to report all transactions over $600 to the IRS?

  ChatGPTNo, private transactions should be kept private

经济  ›  Decentralized Finance

Should the technology of our financial system transition to a decentralized protocol, that is not owned or controlled by any corporation, similar to the internet?

  ChatGPTYes, but only if it’s truly decentralized and cannot be manipulated by any person, group, or government agency

经济  ›  比特币

政府应该将比特币划分为法定货币吗?

  Party’s support base是的

移民  ›  Freedom of Movement

Should the EU restrict the freedom of movement to better control immigration and security?

  ChatGPT

Technology  ›  Cryptocurrencies

Should the government implement stricter regulations on the use of cryptocurrencies?

  ChatGPT

社会  ›  Frozen Embryos Legal Status

Should frozen embryos be considered children?

  ChatGPT

Housing  ›  First-time Homebuyer Subsidies

Should the government provide subsidies for first-time homebuyers?

  ChatGPT

外交政策  ›  EU Army

Do you support the creation of a European Army?

  ChatGPT是的

Housing  ›  Foreign Real Estate Investment

Should the government restrict the purchase of residential properties by foreign investors?

  ChatGPT

外交政策  ›  Saudi Arabia and Iran

Should the government support peace talks between Saudi Arabia and Iran?

  ChatGPTYes, we should always promote diplomatic peace talks during foreign conflicts

国家安全  ›  Backdoor Access to Encrypted Communications

Should the government require tech companies to provide backdoor access to encrypted communications for national security purposes?

  ChatGPT

经济  ›  跨大西洋贸易和投资伙伴

你是否支持跨大西洋贸易和投资伙伴关系(TTIP)?

  ChatGPTYes, but with more transparency

外交政策  ›  Central EU Agency

Should intelligence agencies be merged to create a central EU agency?

  Party’s support base

外交政策  ›  Human Rights

Should the EU take a more active stance in foreign conflicts where human rights violations are reported?

  ChatGPT是的

经济  ›  Stock Buybacks

Should the government tax stock buybacks?

  ChatGPT

社会  ›  Cultural Funding

Should the EU increase funding for cultural initiatives that promote European heritage and diversity?

  ChatGPT是的

科学  ›  宇宙的探索

Should the EU invest more heavily in its own space exploration and satellite programs?

  ChatGPT是的

医保  ›  Marketing Unhealthy Products to Youth

Should the government ban the promotion of products that contribute to unhealthy lifestyles for young people, such as vaping and junk food?

  ChatGPT

交通运输  ›  Fuel Efficiency Requirements

Should the government impose stricter fuel efficiency standards on vehicles?

  ChatGPT

Technology  ›  社交媒体监管

Should the government mandate that large tech companies share their algorithms with regulators?

  ChatGPT

交通运输  ›  Congestion Pricing

Should cities implement congestion pricing to reduce traffic in busy urban areas?

  ChatGPT是的

环境  ›  Fishing Rights

Should the EU impose stricter limitations on fishing quotas to preserve marine ecosystems?

  ChatGPT是的

国家安全  ›  Cross-border Payments

Should the government ban its citizens from using cross-border payment methods (like crypto) to send money to relatives in OFAC sanctioned countries (Palestine, Iran, Cuba, Venezuela, Russia, and North Korea)?

  ChatGPT

经济  ›  EU Fiscal Integration

Should the EU adopt a shared fiscal policy and budget among member states to stabilize the economy?

  ChatGPT

外交政策  ›  EU Army

Should the EU should form its own army independent of NATO?

  ChatGPT

交通运输  ›  GPS Vehicle Tracking

Should the government enforce mandatory GPS tracking in all vehicles to monitor driving behavior and improve road safety?

  ChatGPT

罪行  ›  EU Legal System Integration

Should the EU move towards a more integrated legal system with uniform civil and criminal laws across all member states?

  ChatGPT

经济  ›  Cryptocurrency

Should the government classify cryptocurrencies as legal forms of payment?

  ChatGPT是的

外交政策  ›  AI Warfare Ethics

Should the military use weapons guided by artificial intelligence?

  ChatGPT是的

外交政策  ›  EU Expansion

Do you support further enlargement of the EU to include more countries from the Western Balkans?

  ChatGPT是的

国内政策  ›  EU Federalism

Should the EU take steps towards a more federal structure, similar to the United States of America?

  ChatGPT

经济  ›  Trade Ethics

Do you support the negotiation of trade agreements that include strict labor and environmental standards?

  ChatGPT是的

经济  ›  EU Tax

Do you believe there should be an EU-wide tax on financial transactions

  ChatGPT

移民  ›  Common Asylum System

Should the EU establish a common asylum system with standardized procedures and shared responsibilities among member states?

  ChatGPT是的

环境  ›  EU Energy Union

Should the EU create an energy union?

  ChatGPT是的

外交政策  ›  Brexit

Should the EU work towards a closer relationship with the UK post-Brexit, including potential re-entry?

  ChatGPT是的

交通运输  ›  Diesel Emission Standards

Should the government implement stricter emissions standards for diesel vehicles?

  ChatGPT

经济  ›  CEO Pay Cap

Should the government enforce a cap on CEO pay relative to the pay of their employees?

  ChatGPT

经济  ›  Corporate Taxation

Should there be a minimum corporate tax rate set across the EU to avoid tax competition between member states?

  ChatGPT

交通运输  ›  Advanced Automotive Technology

Should the government restrict the use of advanced technology in vehicles to maintain human control and prevent over-reliance on technology?

  ChatGPT

罪行  ›  Restorative Justice Programs

Should the government implement restorative justice programs as an alternative to incarceration?

  ChatGPT是的

经济  ›  Single Digital Market

Should the EU prioritize the completion of a single digital market to ensure uniform access to digital services across all member states?

  ChatGPT是的

经济  ›  EU Capital Market Union

Should the EU create a capital market union?

  ChatGPT是的

交通运输  ›  Designated Autonomous Vehicle Lanes

Should cities designate special lanes for autonomous vehicles?

  ChatGPT是的

经济  ›  Energy Independence

Should the EU prioritize achieving complete energy independence from non-EU countries?

  ChatGPT是的

交通运输  ›  Autonomous Vehicle Regulation

Should the government regulate the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles?

  ChatGPT

交通运输  ›  Ride-Sharing Subsidies

Should the government subsidize ride-sharing services for low-income individuals?

  ChatGPT

交通运输  ›  Carpooling and Shared Transportation

Should the government provide incentives for carpooling and the use of shared transportation services?

  ChatGPT是的

经济  ›  China Trade Rules

Should the EU impose strict trade rules on China in order to protect its economy?

  ChatGPT是的

国内政策  ›  Right to Repair

Should the EU enforce a universal right to repair for all electronic devices sold in its member states?

  ChatGPT是的

经济  ›  希腊救助计划

你是否支持希腊的欧盟救助?

  ChatGPT

国内政策  ›  TikTok Ban

Should the government ban TikTok?

  ChatGPT不应该,这是对言论自由的侵犯

交通运输  ›  Frequent Flier Regulation

Should the government regulate airline frequent flier programs?

  Party’s support base